Land surface temperature (LST) plays a significant role in surface water circulation and energy balance at both global and regional scales. Thermal disaggregation technique, which relies on vegetation indices, has been widely used due to its advantage in producing relatively high resolution LST data. However, the spatial enhancement of satellite LST using soil moisture delineated vegetation indices has not gained enough attention. Here we compared the performances of temperature vegetation dryness index (TVDI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and fractional vegetation coverage (FVC), in disaggregating LST over the humid agriculture region. The random forest (RF) regression was used to depict the relationship between LST and vegetation indices in implementing thermal disaggregating. To improve the model performance, we used the thin plate spline (TPS) approach to calibrate the RF residual estimation. Results suggested that the models based on TVDI performed better than those based on NDVI and FVC, with a reduced average root mean square error and mean absolute error of 0.20 K and 0.16 K, respectively. Moreover, based on the surface energy balance model, we found the surface evapotranspiration (ET) derived with the TVDI disaggregated LST as inputs achieved higher accuracy than those derived with NDVI and FVC disaggregated LST. It is indicated that TVDI, a soil moisture delineated vegetation indices, can improve the performance of LST enhancement and ET estimation over the humid agriculture region, when combining random forest regression and TPS calibration. This work is valuable for terrestrial hydrology related research.